The Development of the Indonesian Political System from the Perspective of Centralization of Power and Elite Politics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64268/jilhs.v1i3.122Keywords:
Democratization, Elite Politics, Indonesia’s Political System, Political Oligarchy, Power CentralizationAbstract
Background: Indonesia’s political system has evolved through several historical phases, including the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reform Era. In each phase, the concentration of political authority and the influence of elite groups have significantly affected the structure of governance and the practice of democracy in the country.
Aims: This study aims to examine the development of Indonesia’s political system by focusing on the relationship between power centralization and elite politics, as well as their impact on democratic governance.
Methods: The study applies a qualitative descriptive method using a literature-based approach. Data were collected from academic publications, political reports, books, and other relevant sources discussing Indonesian political development.
Result: The study shows that Indonesia’s political system has experienced changes in the distribution of power from highly centralized authority toward a more decentralized framework after the Reform Era. However, political elites continue to hold considerable influence in decision-making processes and policy formation. The persistence of elite interests has also contributed to the emergence of oligarchic tendencies within democratic institutions.
Conclusion: The development of Indonesia’s political system reflects the continuing interaction between democratic reform, centralized authority, and elite political interests. Although democratization has expanded political participation, strengthening institutional accountability and public oversight remains necessary to support a more balanced and inclusive political system.
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